Human Movement Systems

Human Movement Systems:

• The Arthrokinematic System
• The Muscular System
• The Fascial System
• The Nervous System and Receptors

Human Movement Science Principle: 1

1. All systems will be involved in all human movement; including the muscular, fascial, neural, and skeletal systems

Arthrokinematic (joint) system:

Basic Rules:

1. A joint is where two or more bones meet
2. Muscles “pull” bones which then move joints
3. The structure of the joint dictates the range of motion available

Function of the Arthrokinematics System:

• The function of bones and joints is to provide structure and leverage for movement.
• Range of motion is dictated by:
  • Joint Structure (bone surfaces, cartilage (hyaline and fibrocartilage), synovial membrane,articular disks, bursa, etc.
  • Joint Capsule
  • Ligaments

The Muscular System:

3 Rules of Skeletal Muscle:

1. Muscles can only contract and relax
2. Muscles only act on joints that they cross
3. Muscles work best in the direction of the fibers

The function of the muscular system is to produce force and move ourskeletal system.

• All of the muscles that cross a joint will play a role in all joint actions.
• All muscles act in multiple planes to concentrically accelerate, isometrically stabilize, and eccentrically decelerate movement.
• By action, function, or neural innervations some muscles act synergistically, and for easeof analysis may be viewed as “functional groups.

The Fascial System:

The function of fascia is to transmit force, provide support, and protecttissues.

• Fascia can affect motion by:
  • Transmitting force from one or more muscles (example: the thoracolumbar fascia)
  • Restricting motion in cases of adaptive shortening and/or adhesion to proximal structures(example: iliotibial band in cases of lower-leg dysfunction)
  • Elastic recoil after stretching can contribute to force production (example: plyometricexercise)
    • Note: The fascial system does not contract or develop trigger points, and its capacity to adapt to stretching and or strengthening exercise is limited, especially when compared to the adaptive capacity of muscle tissue.

Fascia as an Active Medium of Communication

• Innervated with free nerve endings, Pacinian corpuscles, and Ruffini endings
• Arranged in layers that slide over one another
• May transmit tension between invested musculature
• May transmit the force of multiple muscles to aid in joint stabilization
• Fibroblasts may play a role in increasing tension in the fascia and altering biomechanics

The Nervous System:

The function of the nervous system is control.

All motion is influenced by:

• Intent
• Past experience
• Internal feedback (proprioceptors, muscle length, vestibular input)
• External feedback (cueing, a mirror, heart-rate monitor, etc.).

Effect:

• Motor planning
• Motor unit recruitment
• Gama motor system activity (muscle spindles)

All motion is influenced by Proprioceptors:

Decreases muscle activity

Muscle Spindles

Detect the length and rate of length change of muscles

Increases muscle activity

Gamma efferent system controls the resting tone

Golgi Tendon Organs

Detects the rate and intensity of tension development

Decrease muscle activity.